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Chair of Cycling UK in Scotland examines whether it is safe to wear headphones while riding a bike

Professor Chris Oliver says he sees nothing wrong in wearing them - but more research needed before "strong conclusions" can be drawn...

The chair of Cycling UK in Scotland says he sees nothing wrong with cyclists wearing headphones, after summarising the arguments for and against in a blog post for the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Professor Chris Oliver of the Physical Activity for Health Research Centre at the University of Edinburgh and a consultant trauma orthopaedic hand surgeon at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, said however that further research is needed before “strong conclusions” could be reached.

“Whilst banning wearing headphones whilst cycling may seem obvious for safety reasons, this behaviour restriction could be unfounded,” he wrote, noting that wearing headphones while riding a bike on the road or cycle paths is not currently illegal in the United Kingdom.

“One would think that listening to music may distract you from your surroundings. It may also prevent you from hearing other vehicles approach and thus jeopardise your own safety,” he continued.

He noted that “despite the common perspective that a greater ability to hear external sounds is safer and therefore better cycling practice, credible scientific evidence” on the issue “is very limited,”

Some people who ride with headphones do so with them only in one ear. A Dutch study that Professor Oliver cited, with 25 subjects, used auditory beeps to alert riders to a hazard while listening to music.

With headphones on both ears, only two thirds of riders (68 per cent) heard it, but with the headphone in just one ear, all subjects heard it.

Professor Oliver noted: “The researchers also found negative effects of high volume and fast tempo on auditory perception.

“The problem with this study is that no consideration was given to any visual warnings. Generally cyclists will use both visual and auditory information to stay safe.

“Stop signals are not auditory. There are red lights, white lines, and so on. All visual.

“Unfortunately there is really little evidence about how cycling with headphones affects concentration.”

In his post, he also addressed one issue often raised by cyclists who say riding with headphones should not be banned – that it is perfectly legal for hearing impaired and deaf people to ride a bike – and that motorists often listen to music through in-car stereo systems.

“Logically, if one was to argue that loss of concentration through listening to music or speech was in itself sufficient reason to prohibit cycling with headphones, one would also have to argue that car stereos would have to be banned,” he wrote, also raising the point that many pedestrians, too, listen to music on the move.

“Cycling and headphones causes much emotion and controversial debate, especially in the media,” he added, after highlighting a BBC poll in which nine respondents in ten agreed that cycling with headphones should be banned.

> Nine in ten people back headphone ban for cyclists, says BBC survey

Earlier this month, a coroner suggested that listening to music through her iPhone may have been a contributory factor in the death of cyclist Emily Norton, who sustained fatal injuries as she tried to avoid a lorry.

> Listening to music on iPhone may have led to cyclist’s death, says coroner

Professor Oliver concluded: “Victim blaming can be very upsetting in some accident situations. The facts of cycling accidents have to be absolutely established.

“Before anyone can come to any strong conclusions, we need further research to build up the evidence base on the use of headphones while cycling.”

The government has consistently rejected calls, including one in November 2013 from former Mayor of London Boris Johnson, for a headphone ban for cyclists.

> Government 'will not legislate' for Mayor of London's cyclist proposed headphone ban

 

Simon joined road.cc as news editor in 2009 and is now the site’s community editor, acting as a link between the team producing the content and our readers. A law and languages graduate, published translator and former retail analyst, he has reported on issues as diverse as cycling-related court cases, anti-doping investigations, the latest developments in the bike industry and the sport’s biggest races. Now back in London full-time after 15 years living in Oxford and Cambridge, he loves cycling along the Thames but misses having his former riding buddy, Elodie the miniature schnauzer, in the basket in front of him.

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48 comments

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nbrus replied to ConcordeCX | 7 years ago
0 likes

ConcordeCX wrote:

your personal experience is not enough to warrant banning anything. Any claim that wearing headphones has never contributed to an accident would require evidence, just as the opposite claim would. Something being difficult for you to believe is not enough either.

if we accept the idea of the harm principle (https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill-moral-political/#HarPri), which is pretty much the basis of liberal enlightenment values, then there can be no case whatsoever for preventing any well-informed rational adult from doing anything which harms only them self. The only justification for a ban would be based on the degree of harm that the activity does to others, against their will, relative to cyclists' freedom to listen to the Today programme while commuting. Note that this means actually does, based on evidence, not might do based on speculation.

That evidence would need to show a suitably large number of cases where cyclists' failure to hear something they would certainly otherwise have heard was the predominant cause of harm to others, rather than say the failure to look behind when changing lanes, or someone's careless driving.

I think we are both in agreement that not being able to hear clearly does affect ones awareness of ones surroundings. What you are saying is that this doens't necessarily lead to an increase in accidents. Well I don't disagree only for me even one extra accident is one too many. I don't necessarily agree with a ban.

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ianrobo | 7 years ago
2 likes

I use them all the time and will continue to do so regardless of any law. Until hands free is banned or smoking in a car or radios not set to a fixed volume 9or banned) then this is victim blaming.

I like Chris and when he posted this on twitter I do question it but it is only a study but studies tend to be abused by those with an agenda.

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CygnusX1 replied to ianrobo | 7 years ago
2 likes

ianrobo wrote:

I use them all the time and will continue to do so regardless of any law. Until hands free is banned or smoking in a car or radios not set to a fixed volume 9or banned) then this is victim blaming.

I like Chris and when he posted this on twitter I do question it but it is only a study but studies tend to be abused by those with an agenda.

 

Again, have you read the article?  Who is victim blaming? Certainly not Professor Chris Oliver ...

Professor Oliver concluded: “Victim blaming can be very upsetting in some accident situations. The facts of cycling accidents have to be absolutely established.

“Before anyone can come to any strong conclusions, we need further research to build up the evidence base on the use of headphones while cycling.”

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ianrobo replied to CygnusX1 | 7 years ago
0 likes

CygnusX1 wrote:

ianrobo wrote:

I use them all the time and will continue to do so regardless of any law. Until hands free is banned or smoking in a car or radios not set to a fixed volume 9or banned) then this is victim blaming.

I like Chris and when he posted this on twitter I do question it but it is only a study but studies tend to be abused by those with an agenda.

 

Again, have you read the article?  Who is victim blaming? Certainly not Professor Chris Oliver ...

Professor Oliver concluded: “Victim blaming can be very upsetting in some accident situations. The facts of cycling accidents have to be absolutely established.

“Before anyone can come to any strong conclusions, we need further research to build up the evidence base on the use of headphones while cycling.”

Chris is not doing that but others as I said would use anything to do that and this can only work if studies done alongside car and other other users on the road.

 

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richiewormiling | 7 years ago
0 likes

can get an on-the-spot fine in Barcelona using headphones on a bike. 

 

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congokid replied to richiewormiling | 7 years ago
0 likes

richiewormiling wrote:

can get an on-the-spot fine in Barcelona using headphones on a bike. 

Is this based on law or plain old anti-cycling prejudice? If it's law, there should be some very strong evidence to support it.

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Deeferdonk | 7 years ago
9 likes

I wear bone conduction bluetooth earphones, mainly because I don't like things "in" my ears and means I can hear background noise and traffic, although my hearing is subnormal and I'll probably need a hearing aid at some point. But if I hear a car coming what am I supposed to do different? I cycle in a straight line and trust the traffic to pass me with adequate space (..erm). If I'm pulling out I look over my shoulder and having a handlebar mirror helps with awareness of what's around me. Would rather cars wouldn't overtake me when I'm indicating right, headphones don't change that. I have no problem hearing the airhorn next to my ear of a lorry close passing and honking me cause I dare to be on  the road. I've no problem hearing abuse and swearing from a driver because he had to wait 5 seconds to overtake me. If either of these had knocked me off I bet the papers would have dwelled more on the facts I had headphones than they were inconsiderate, angry people in charge of lethal lumps of metal.

 

 

 

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ClubSmed | 7 years ago
1 like

I cycle with headphones in and here are the reasons:
I suffer from earache and earphones are easier to use than eat plugs as they are attached by a cord so don't get lost as easily
I use the sat nav function on my phone when in unfamiliar territory and heading the directions is less distracting than constantly looking at the screen. It is also less distracting than not using a sat nav and getting distracted by over reading signs
Sometimes I need to be easily considerable do having my earphones in means that I can hear my phone ring and pull over to take a call. Also it's easier to use a headphones hands free when wearing a helmet than it is to just use the phone.

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spragger | 7 years ago
7 likes

We need to ban the wind
The wind causes much more abatement of car noise than headphones or earplugs connected to a mobile phone
With them on I can always hear the drone of the car potentially going to hit me. The problem is I can do little about the car, even when I can hear it
Barking up the wrong tree on this one Prof
Better for cars to stick to HC advice

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Yorkshire wallet replied to spragger | 7 years ago
6 likes

spragger wrote:

We need to ban the wind The wind causes much more abatement of car noise than headphones or earplugs connected to a mobile phone With them on I can always hear the drone of the car potentially going to hit me. The problem is I can do little about the car, even when I can hear it Barking up the wrong tree on this one Prof Better for cars to stick to HC advice

Must agree, once you get past about 15mph sounds levels from wind start to get noticeable. 

I used to ride with once earphone in and leave the offside open but now I can't be arsed with it as it's just one more thing to fiddle around with. 

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CygnusX1 replied to spragger | 7 years ago
2 likes

spragger wrote:

Barking up the wrong tree on this one Prof

Better for cars to stick to HC advice

How is he barking up the wrong tree? Did you not read the article?

He's saying there is little evidence to support the idea of them being a problem, and he also stated “Logically, if one was to argue that loss of concentration through listening to music or speech was in itself sufficient reason to prohibit cycling with headphones, one would also have to argue that car stereos would have to be banned” 

I doubt, as chair of Cycling UK (Scotland) he would disagree with you regarding car drivers sticking to the Highway Code either - but this was for a blog in a sports medicine journal, so a discussion of the general adherence to the HC code by all types of users would be irrelevant in this context.

 

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Mungecrundle | 7 years ago
4 likes

Well it's not illegal so go for it, but why anyone would voluntarily impair one of their major senses whilst riding a bicycle in an environment where staying alert might be considered beneficial to self preservation is quite beyond my comprehension.

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ConcordeCX replied to Mungecrundle | 7 years ago
4 likes

Mungecrundle wrote:

Well it's not illegal so go for it, but why anyone would voluntarily impair one of their major senses whilst riding a bicycle in an environment where staying alert might be considered beneficial to self preservation is quite beyond my comprehension.

Mother Nature has kindly impaired my hearing for me, without the use of technology, and I don't ride or walk with headphones on. I don't believe my impaired hearing makes any difference to my safety while riding.

The point of the exercise described in the article though is to establish evidence to show whether or not riding with headphones does impair a major sense.

Without some objective evidence it's nothing more than an exchange of anecdotes, opinions and, dare I say it, hearsay, signifying nothing.

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kcr replied to Mungecrundle | 7 years ago
1 like
Mungecrundle wrote:

Well it's not illegal so go for it, but why anyone would voluntarily impair one of their major senses whilst riding a bicycle in an environment where staying alert might be considered beneficial to self preservation is quite beyond my comprehension.

I wouldn't wear headphones, because I like hearing the natural environment around me, but I can easily comprehend why some people do wear them. They like listening to music while they ride!
A ban is never going to happen, because as pointed out above, you would also have to ban headphone use by pedestrians and drivers. Anyone who uses a cycle path will know it is often impossible to warn people of your approach because they have earphones plugged in.

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Aberdeenlune | 7 years ago
10 likes

I wear earphones and listen to music while commuting on the bike. I never have the music up so loud I can't hear cars. Recently I was cycling along with my music on and heard an ambulance approach from behind. I pulled over as far as I could to make sure the ambulance could pass me easily. The driver in the car in front just continued on unaware their was an ambulance right behind him. This held things up for a while as the ambulance driver had to wait for an opportunity to overtake. The music was a bit loud in the car. So what do you do ban everything or rely on common sense.

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nbrus | 7 years ago
2 likes

Using headphones cannot be compared to car stereos (at normal volume) because headphones tend to block all external sounds and so are a real danger as the wearer will not be fully aware of what is going on around them. This doesn't just go for cyclists, but for anyone out on a shared path or road.  What use is a bell on a bike if a walker is wearing headphones, they won't hear your warning and may step out in front of you.

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Gus T replied to nbrus | 7 years ago
5 likes

nbrus wrote:

Using headphones cannot be compared to car stereos (at normal volume) because headphones tend to block all external sounds and so are a real danger as the wearer will not be fully aware of what is going on around them. This doesn't just go for cyclists, but for anyone out on a shared path or road.  What use is a bell on a bike if a walker is wearing headphones, they won't hear your warning and may step out in front of you.

Of course car stereos that can be heard from 50 yards, windows and engine noise do not block out external sounds! You do know that SMIDSY is a car drivers term used because they were not aware of their surroundings and couldn't be bothered to compensate by using their eyes don't you

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Gus T | 7 years ago
3 likes

Deviating slightly and whilst not a believer in riding whist wearing headphones, I fail to see how the motoring lobby can campaign against cyclists wearing headphones but don't regard car stereos, which are getting more and more powerful, in the same light.

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